Fire at different targets
Target	Kind of fire
Fortification and barriers
Barriers and fortifications	Walls, buildings and bridges can be destroyed by field artillery firing H.E. shells or percussion shrapnel, troops hidden behind walls can be hit by torpedo shell or percussion shrapnel
Targets behind the high shelter of field fortifications (redoubt, lunette)	Time shrapnel fire from howitzers at the maximum angle of incidence for the given distance or from mountain guns, placed at a suitable distance and obliquely with respect to the front of the fortification and firing with time shrapnel or H.E. shell.
Rampart of field fortifications and dugouts	Howitzers fire with torpedo shell to lower the embankment crests to facilitate firing on animate targets that will find little dead space in the bottom cover, but with a great waste of ammunition.
Wire nets	Howitzers fire to open passages, but with a great waste of ammunition.
Earthworks of field fortifications	The fire is aimed at hitting the enemy when he opens fire behind them. Accurate adjustment at the crest of the embankment, storm of fire with time shrapnel I H.E. shell when the enemy appear on the crest to open fire, then slow fire. If possible, the battery should take an inclined position.
Settlements
Settlements	Percussion fire with H.E. shell, torpedo shell and time fire with fuze set for low burst.
House walls	Fire with H.E. shell, torpedo shell and shrapnel with percussion fuze : howitzers fire at the most solid buildings and fences, field and mountain guns to the others. Shrapnel with impact fuze can set on fire the wicker walls of houses, pens, barns. Shrapnel with time fuze is used to shell streets, squares, courtyards and outskirts.
Forest
Troops in forest	Time fire with shrapnel if the enemy occupies the edge of the forest, impact fire, preferably with H.E. shell or torpedo shell if he is inside the forest.
Observers
A group of leaders or observers	Because they can hide and disappear quickly, fire must have a wide front, great depth, and maximum velocity. The range is quickly determined, then a battery series is fired with fuze set for good burst and the fall of the shells were observed, finally the gun or the platoon, whose direction is closest to the target (sometimes the entire battery) opens progressive fire with fuze set for a good height.
Observatory, signals, telephone posts	Accurate fire is done on a narrow front and at a low bracket. Time shrapnel fire, impact fire with H.E. shell when they are behind a shield or a cover, if they are armored, they were shelled by one gun.
Troops
Cavalry	Cavalry on the move or in close formation is easily seen, but is protected from artillery fire due to its mobility and ability to disperse. Thus, fire must be done with maximum speed, with time or impact shrapnel or with H.E. shell. Artillery achieves considerable result if succeeded in disturbing the concentration of the enemy cavalry. Cavalry is hit either by shelling an area with progressive fire, or by firing a storm of fire at a single range. If it moves perpendicular to the direction of fire, fire is directed with a broad sheaf, each gun opening progressive fire as soon as enemy enters its area. When the battery is threatened by a cavalry attack, artillery fires with H.E. shells or with shrapnel with impact fuze or set at zero.
Artillery occupying a position	Artillery is most visible from the start of reconnaissance until it is placed in position : time fire 1) during reconnaissance can cause significant delays in taking up a position and deprive enemy artillery of its superiors, 2) during occupation of the position or the removal of the guns from their position may cause losses and disorder. If impact bursts are well observed, at medium ranges to hit a gun or an ammunition wagon takes about 15-25 shells. If the guns are not clearly visible or too far away or if their direction is known only from the flashes or the dust raised by the shots, they are still vulnerable, but with an excessive expenditure of ammunition. Against uncovered men near guns : shrapnel fire with time fuze. Against men near guns with shield : H.E. shell. Guns placed no more than 200 m from the crest of a cover or mask (longer distances cause difficulty and unreliability in operating a battery) are protected from enemy fire. In this case, through observations, information and signals, it is possible to establish how deep the area in which the cannons are placed is, in order to decide whether it is advisable to open fire against them.
Artillery visible from the battery	When personnel is still uncovered and setting up guns, guns are taken in high bracket and fire is done by series of shrapnel set for low burst to quickly confuse the crew. When personnel hide behind the gun shield, the bracket narrowed and the battery opens mixed fire with shrapnel set for low burst and H.E. shell. Against shielded guns : percussion fire by field guns and howitzer up to 3500 m with each gun firing groups to adjust and to destroy (destruction fire is undertaken only when battery has no other important task and shells available allows it). At greater range or when observation is difficult, fire continues at the probable range with time shrapnel set for low bursts and H.E. shells. Against personnel of gun without shield : fire with time shrapnel set for good height. During the shooting, if another enemy unit is seen approaching, the entire battery or part of it turns fire on it to prevent the enemy from moving. When the enemy’s battery is forced to silence, one or two guns must watch it and renew fire as soon as they see it begin to act; the rest of the guns remain available.
Artillery revealed by its flashes or by dust	There are four different cases: a) when the area in front and behind it is seen the battery commander carefully marks by the flashes and in relation to local objects the width of the front and the closest observable area in front of and behind the target; adjustment is done to see whether the bursts are short or long and how deep the unobservable area is; fire for effect is done with shrapnel set for low bursts along with H.E. shells, the unobserved area being shelled with storm of fire or progressive fire at an order; to reduce the limit of the shelled area, or to ascertain the results of the fire, further information must be sought by sending observers or scouts, using balloons, etc.; b) when the area behind it is not seen, adjustment is done at the ridge with 100 m bracket, then the area where the artillery should be located is shelled in depth, bearing in mind the slope of the area behind the cover and that artillery in rare cases can be very far behind the cover; c) when the enemy artillery cannot be detected except by sound and its location is unknown, to find and hit it, the same methods as in point b are applied; d) when enemy guns are not visible, but their approximate distance from a ridge or a mask is known, the adjustment is done at the cover, then the battery shells an area 100-200 m in front of and 100 m behind the approximate guns emplacement.
Destruction fire	If the number of available batteries permits, one battery should beat a front of 100 m, while with time fire its front should not exceed 200 m.
Mixed target	Against target composed by animate and inanimate targets like shielded artillery, shooters behind a wall or in a trench or in a fortification : fire with universal shells mixed fire with shrapnel and H.E. shells.
Machine guns	Accurate adjustment like against shielded guns, mixed fire with shrapnel with fuze set for low bursts and H.E. shell.
Infantry	An infantry unit cannot be destroyed, because it consists of individuals who can find small cover and advance under the heaviest artillery fire. Infantry targets change formation, size, density, and often also their location. Firing at infantry in full can rarely cause large material losses, but it has a great effect on the morale of the enemy troops, forcing them to : a) in defence : deploy further away, disperse their units, seek covered approaches, hinder the passage in beaten areas, causing losses if they pass them; b) in attack : stay covered in the trenches, prevent them from shooting and restrict the movement of their reinforcements. Often these results are obtained by the timely firing of a few shells, renewing the firing whenever the occasion requires. As the outcome of the combat approaches, the number of batteries firing at the infantry increases progressively. However, until the situation is clear, to prevent all artillery from being unnecessarily exposed and to ensure that some batteries can be reserved for every contingency, only as many guns as shall be found necessary must open fire into action against the infantry and artillery of the vanguard, taking into account that a battery can be allocated to shell an infantry front 300-600 m width. Since the infantry advancing in the area assigned to the battery moves in very different formations (groups, snakes, chains), often with considerable intervals between them and at different distances and heights, it is useful, whenever possible, to assign each platoon or gun a part of the area, delegating command of them to more experienced officers and NCOs of the battery. Due to the large variety of individual cases, fire at infantry cannot follow set rules. The greatest guarantee for a good fire at infantry is the skill of the battery commander: he should have good ability to estimate on sight, coolness, keen tactical perception, in-depth knowledge of its weapon and great leadership skills.
Air targets
Airship	Direct fire with time shrapnel with corrections according with its displacement, fire for effect from howitzers and guns with the aid of lateral observers connected to the battery. To give greater angles of elevation, trail guns holes can be dug. At first one of the flank guns is assigned a sight and a correction, retreating from the short or advancing from the long limit of the bracket at 500m or 1000m, and the remaining guns are ordered to scale forward in 200 m, then several rounds of storms of fire are given. According with observations, a new scale is assigned for a new storm of fire, making sure that bursts occur in front of and above the airship.
Captive balloon	Adjustment with aid of lateral observers like against airships; fire for effect with battery series beginning at the short limit of the 100 m bracket. Shooting is considered good when the splashes occurred in front of and at 10-15 millièmes above the center of the balloon, with an interval of 200-300 m.
Remarks
The parts of the text that were already present in the 1908 direction are highlighted in italics.